2015年湖北成考高起點英語語法歸納練習（17）

湖北2015年成考高起點英語語法歸納練習（17）

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lesson 17 動詞不定式（二）

第二節(jié) 動詞不定式的用法

一、 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語

1. 不定式前置

1） Derive ［A］ mineral resources from ［B］ sedimentary rock ［C］ is a ［D］ major modern industrial activity.

2） in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut.

［A］ To make high scores［B］ To make low goal［C］ To the high scores［D］ Make the low goals

2. 上述形式一般情況不多見，作為考試的規(guī)范英語，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞“it”作形式主語（形式主語“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代詞代替），而將不定式放到后面

It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.

3） John admitted that it's always difficult .

［A］ for him being on time［B］ being on time for him

［C］ for him to be on time［D］ on time for him

4） It is difficult for me ［A］ to be concentrating ［B］ while someone ［C］ is using ［D］ a vacuum cleaner.

3. 不定式后置的情況不僅限于動詞是系動詞，也適用于其他動詞

It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.

It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.

4. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語，通?？梢栽谔囟ǖ纳舷挛闹心芸闯?，也可以通過帶“for ＋名詞短語”辨出

It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review（總復(fù)習）。

It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.

5. 在某些形容詞（如careless，clever，considerate， foolish， good， impolite， kind， naughty， nice， silly， stupid等）作表語時，不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語

It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.

間或也可用for ＋ there to be 表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。

It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.

二、 不定式作賓語

不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式；
另一種是“動詞＋疑問詞＋帶to的不定式”

1. 動詞＋帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有：afford， agree， aim， appear， arrange， ask， believe， care， claim， decide， decline（拒絕）， demand， desire， determine， endeavor， expect， fail， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， mean（想要）， offer（表示愿意做…）， pretend， promise， refuse， seek（試圖）， swear， undertake， wish（想要）等。

5） We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults（銀行保管庫） of this nation.

［A］ to believe ［B］ to be belived［C］ beliving

［D］ have belived6） The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.

［A］ in the navigating ［B］ the navigation ［C］ to navigate ［D］ navigation

7） For the ［A］ first time Venusian scientists managed landing ［B］ a satellite on the planet Earth， and it has been sending ［C］ back signals as well as ［D］ photographs ever since.

8） The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction， regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.

［A］ afforded［B］ affording［C］ to afford

［D］ can afford從上例我們可以看出afford一般與can和can't或could和couldn't連用。

2. 動詞＋疑問代（副）詞＋不定式

這類動詞常見的有：advise，decide， discuss， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， regard， remember， see， settle， teach， tell， think（=consider）， understand， wonder等。這些疑問代（副）詞有what， when， where， which， how， whether等，但不包括why，如：

He does not know how to go there

when to speak before strangers.

who（m） to visit.

which one to choose.

You can decide whether to go forward or stay here.

when to see a doctor.

I will show you what to do.

where to go.

how to deal with it.

其中，1）和2）中不定式的邏輯主語仍是句子的主語，分別為He和You；
而3）中不定式的邏輯主語則不是句子的主語I，而是賓語you.

9） The director of this organization must know .

［A］ to manage money， sell his product and beable to satisfy stockholders

［B］ managing money， selling， and be able to satisfy the stockholders

［C］ how to manage money， sell his product， and satisfy the stockholders

［D］ money management， selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders

10） To tell you the truth， I really don't know how deal with a man like him.

［A］ can I［B］ well［C］ to［D］ much

3. 有時，不定式跟作主語時一樣，可由it來代替，而把不定式放到后面去

He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.

I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard.

We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require.

She cosiders it important to make friends with them.

I don't think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.

4. 有時THERE和TO BE連用表示“有”或“存在（某情況）”等

It is impossible for there to be any more.

Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem？

I expect there to be no argument about this？

有時在個別的介詞后可用“疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”作其賓語

He has his own decision of how to do it.

三、 不定式作表語

1. 一種情況為主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）

To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.

2. 另一種情況主語是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss's plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.

11） The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ［A］ large uninterrupted floor areas ［B］ and to allow ample light ［C］ into the interior ［D］ .

12） The most important ［A］ thing is negociate ［B］ with them about ［C］ the future of ［D］ the plant.

四、 不定式作定語

1. 不定式作定語修飾名詞或代詞，它只能放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。這時被修飾的名詞與不定式之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系

13） The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.

［A］ to bring［B］ bringing［C］ is brought［D］ brings

14） Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz　blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.

［A］ be giving［B］ are given［C］ being given［D］ to give 另外，有些詞的不定式定語有主謂關(guān)系，如除了上述例句以外，還有些詞常跟不定式作定語。這些詞主要有decision （to make）， （a） need （to eat）， opportunity （to speak），reason（to learn a foreing language）， time （to sth）等。

2. 動詞不定式作定語往往有一層動賓關(guān)系，即所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語

15） Alice was having ［A］ trouble to control ［B］ the children because there were ［C］ so many ［D］ of them.

16） There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven't decided which book .

［A］ to buy［B］ buy［C］to be buying［D］ buying

17） Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .

［A］ to do … to talk［B］ doing … to talk to

［C］ to do … to talk to［D］ doing… to talk

3. 因為不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式的賓語，所以如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞，那么就要在動詞后加上相應(yīng)的介詞

He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.

18） Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes， I still was not able to find a chair .

［A］ to sit［B］ for to sit on［C］ to sit on［D］ for sitting

4. 一些表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意義的名詞后面要求接不定式作其定語，如：ability， attempt， effort等

19） During ［A］ the 19th century scientists found ［B］ that when certain parts of the brain were damaged ［C］ men lost the ability doing ［D］ certain things.

20） What is new， however， is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.

［A］ discover［B］ discovers［C］ discovering［D］ to discover

21） Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort her？

［A］ please ［B］ pleased ［C］ to please ［D］ having pleased

五、不定式作狀語

注意作狀語的動詞不定式要與其邏輯主語在意義上和數(shù)上的一致。

1. 表示目的

22） its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.

［A］Although［B］To carry out［C］Except that［D］ Make

23） pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined.

［A］ Obtaining［B］ Being obtained［C］ To obtain［D］ It is obtained

24） When they met，Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .

［A］killed each other［B］killing each other［C］to be killed each other

［D］to kill each other

2. 表示結(jié)果，在這種情況下，不定式的邏輯主語也是全句的主語

He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money？

還有固定搭配的不定式表示結(jié)果：so…as to；
such（…） as to …；
enough to…；
too…to…；
in order to … 等

We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us？/ He is too young to fit that job.

3. 表示原因

It's very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I'm sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.

4. 伴隨狀況

在下列表示能力、愿望、傾向等語義的形容詞后邊也要接不定式：able（但其同義詞“ capable”后面要接“of+動名詞”），anxious， eager， glad， inclined（傾向于），liable， likely， pleased， ready等。

25） Certain ［A］ minerals are magnetic and are able to detected ［B］ by instruments that measure ［C］ differences in the Earth's magnetic fields ［D］ .

六、 在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式

不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指有些動詞帶賓語后再帶上不定式，作賓語的補足語。前邊已提到過，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語是不定式的邏輯主語。

1. 有很多這樣的動詞可以跟賓語及其（或）補足語不定式，如：advise， allow， ask， enable， beg， cause， drive， encourage， expect， forbid， force， hate， get ， intend， invite， like， permit， persuade， pretend， remind， say， teach， tell， trust， urge， want， warn等表示“致使”等意義

26） The company manager may enable the men who tend the machines a large panorama（全景） of possibilites.

［A］ to see［B］ see［C］ seeing［D］ seen

27） Did you intend us the new method？

［A］ to use ［B］ using ［C］ our having used ［D］ the using of

28） The teacher encouraged good compositions.

［A］ us write［B］ us writing［C］ us to write［D］ our wrting

2. 在某些成語動詞如 arrange for， call on， care for， count on， count upon， depend upon， long for， prepare for， prevail upon， rely on， vote for， wait for等后面，也可以跟賓語加不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

We are waiting for the bus to come./ They voted for Wang Gang to be the monitor. / Don't count on me to do that.

3. 另外，表示感覺的動詞 see， hear， feel， watch， notice， observe和have， let， make后的賓語可接不帶to的不定式（help后不定式可帶to也可不帶to）

29） I often heard him that his family was well descended.

［A］ said［B］ say［C］ to say［D］ to be said

30） We must have a person them build the house.

［A］ see［B］ to see［C］ will see［D］ shall see

31） You would become irritated ［A］ if you watched ［B］ the correspondence to pile up ［C］ on your desk day by day ［D］ .

4. 表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞像consider， declare， find， prove， think， know ， believe， discover， feel（=think）， imagine， judge， pretend， suppose， understand等詞的賓語補足語不定式一般是to be（或動詞的完成時態(tài)）

32） “You've been taking a lot of nice photographs.”“Thanks. I'm considering a professional photographer.”

［A］ becoming［B］ about become［C］ to become［D］ over becoming

而且，在consider， declare， find， prove， think等動詞后的to be 是可以省去的。如： She considered me a scholar. / They found him gulty.

七、不定式的完成式、進行式和完成進行式：這三類在考研題中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，要特別注意不定式的這三種形式

1. 如果不定式所表示的動作與主要謂語所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要謂語之后，那么用不定式的一般形式

He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him.

In 1967， he arrived back in England， where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him.

After all， eighty was a special birthday， another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.

Now suddenly she began to sob， holding herself in as if weeping were a disgrace.

2. 如果不定式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）發(fā)生在主要謂語動詞或特定的某時間之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式

She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.

33） The Vikings are believed America.

［A］ to have discovered［B］ in discovering［C］ to discover［D］ to have been discovered

34） The students were to at the auditorium before 1：30 pm， but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.

［A］ assembled ［B］ have assembled ［C］ assembling ［D］ be assembled

35） He was to the new ambassador， but he fell ill.

［A］ having telephoned［B］ have telephoned［C］ has telephoned［D］ telephoning

3. 不定式進行式表示主要謂語動詞所表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在發(fā)生

When he came in， I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.

Why do you stand here？ You are supposed to be working in the workshop.

4. 不定式完成進行式表示其動詞所代表的動作，在主要謂語動詞所代表的動作之前一直在進行

The students from the Department of Sociology are said to have been investigating the possibility of producing the new product.

They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.

八、不定式的被動形式

當不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，這個不定式要用被動式，包括它的一般式和完成式

36） Here we found little snow， as most of it seemed blown off the mountain.

［A］to have been［B］to be［C］that it was［D］that it had been

37） For twelve years， Spanish censorship did not allow Lorca's name or his works .

［A］ to mention；
to be published［B］ to be mentioned；
to publish

［C］ being mentioned；
being published［D］ to be mentioned；
to be published

38） There is，it seems ［A］ ， no ［B］ limit to the satisfaction to be finding ［C］ in the pursuit of knowledge ［D］ .

九、不定式的否定形式：否定形式是在不定式的標志to前邊加not

39） that new information to anyone else but the sergeant.

［A］ They asked him not to give［B］ They asked him to don't give

［C］ They asked him no give［D］ They asked him to no give

40） Please remember lights on in the future.

［A］ don't leave ［B］ not to leave ［C］ not leaving ［D］ don't to leave

41） The teacher told ［A］ the students to don't ［B］ discuss ［C］ the take　home exam with each other ［D］ .

十、介詞except和but（作“只有……，只能……”講時）跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式連用）

He seldom goes back home except to ask for money from his parents.

He did nothing there except watch TV for the whole night.（不帶to的不定式）

I had no choice but to stay in bed.

Last night I did nothing but prepare my lessons.

42） Lots of empty bottles were found under the old man's bed.He must have done nothing but .

［A］ drink［B］ to drink［C］ drinking［D］ drunk

43） When the streets are full of ［A］ melting ［B］ snow， you cannot help but getting ［C］ your shoes wet ［D］ .

十一、例題解析

1） A錯。 改為To derive.

2） A為正確答案。

3） C為正確答案。

4） B錯。改為to concentrate.

5） A為正確答案。

6） C為正確答案。“to be known”后通常接不定式，與此類似的尚有“to be said”等。

7） B錯。改為to land.因為manage后只能跟帶to的不定式作賓語。

8） D為正確答案。

9） C為正確答案。因為know須接帶特殊疑問詞的動詞不定式。

10） C為正確答案。

11） A錯。改為to provide，根據(jù)平行原則，A處和“to allow…”是并列的表語，故A處也應(yīng)用不定式。

12） B錯。改為to negociate.

13） A對。不定式短語“to bring…characters”充當賓語“the artist”的定語。“allow sb.to do sth.”是固定搭配，還有類似的其他動詞。這句話的意思是：在動畫片攝制過程中，影片的靈活性能使藝術(shù)家充分施展其想象力。

14） D為正確答案。名詞“ability”（能力） 后要接不定式，表示哪一方面的能力。

15） B錯。改為“controlling”，此處的“to control”與“trouble”并沒有這層關(guān)系。

16） A為正確答案。17） C為正確答案。18） C為正確答案。19） D錯。改為to do.20） D為正確答案。

21） C為正確答案。22） B為正確答案。23） C為正確答案。24） D為正確答案。25） B錯。改為“be detected”。

26） A為正確答案。27） A為正確答案。28） C為正確答案。29） B為正確答案。30） A為正確答案。

31） C錯。改為pile up.32） C為正確答案。33） A為正確答案。34） B為正確答案。35） B為正確答案。

36） A為正確答案。37） D為正確答案。

38） C錯。本句不定式所表示的動作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”（find） 邏輯上的主語為“滿足”（satisfaction）， 而“滿足”只能被“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故C應(yīng)改為　ED分詞“found”，“to be found”為不定式被動態(tài)。

39） A為正確答案。

40） B為正確答案。

41） B錯。改為not to.

42） A為正確答案。

43） C錯。改為get.如果去掉C前的“but”， 本句應(yīng)為： When the streets are full of melting snow， you cannot help getting your shoes wet.

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