2012高考英語主謂一致輔導(dǎo)

主謂一致

1.語法一致原則

①以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動(dòng)詞不定式短語，動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；
主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

His father is working on the farm.

To study English well is not easy.

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

What he said is very important for us all.

由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

what I bought were three English books.

What I say and do is （are） helpful for you.

②由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。但若所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no， each， every 或more than a （an）/one，many a （an） 修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。either， neither， each， every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some， any no， every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。

The writer and artist has come.

Every student and every teach is in the classroom.

Many a boy and many a girl likes it.

No boy and no girl likes it.

Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today？

Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter

若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。

None of the sugar was left.

None of us has （have） been to America.

③在定語從句里，關(guān)系代詞that， who， which 等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。

Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.

He is one of my friends who are working hard.

He is the （only） one of my friends who is working hard.

④在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致。

It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.

It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.

⑤如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；
如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

The police are looking for the lost child.

The cattle are eating grass in the field.

His family has moved to the south .（他的一家）

His family are watching TV.（他的家人）

Class four is on the third floor.（四班）

Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學(xué)生）

⑥由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。

There are a lot of people in the classroom.

Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

50 percent of the students in our class are girls.

此外，還有a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞有類似的用法（用復(fù)數(shù)），但the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number 而定（用單數(shù)）。

A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.

The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
⑦在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致

There comes the bus.

On the wall are many pictures.

Such is the result.

Such are the facts.

Between the two hills stands a monument.

2.邏輯意義一致原則

①What， who， which， any， more， all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)， 主要靠意思來決定。

Which is your bag？ Which are your bags？

Are any of you good at English？ Has any of you got a pen？

All can be done has been done. All is going well.

All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.

②表示時(shí)間重量長度價(jià)值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。

Thirty minutes is enough for the work……

Twenty pounds is too dear.

如強(qiáng)調(diào)這類詞的復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式

Forty kilos of water are used every day.

③若英語是書名名格言劇名報(bào)名國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。

The United States is smaller than China.

“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.

④表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

One and a half apples is left on the table.

⑤一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works 等。都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞， 實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，

它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

The paper works was built in 1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。

I don‘t think physics is easy to study.

⑥trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， scissors （剪刀）等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the） pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)（clothes被a suit of 修飾）謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

My glasses are broken.

The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

⑦“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；
若表示某一類東西時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

The old are taken good care of there.

The beautiful gives pleasure to all.

3.就近（遠(yuǎn)）一致原則

①當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either or， neither nor， not only but also ，whether or 連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語保持一致，即就近一致。

Either the teacher or the students are our friends.

Neither he nor they are wholly right.

Neither they nor he is wholly right.

Is neither he nor they wholly right？

②there be 句型中be 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and 連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致，即就近一致。

There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

There is a desk and two chairs in the room.

③主語后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， no less than， rather than， more than， besides， along with， including， in addition to 等引起的短語， 謂語動(dòng)詞要跟主語一致，即就遠(yuǎn)一致。

Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China.

A woman with a baby was on the bus.

Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.

No one except my teachers knows anything about it.