2023年4月湖北自考本科英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:第五章

英語科目是很多自考生在自考生涯中的一個重難點，尤其是對于需要申請學(xué)位證書的成人自考本科生來說，不能申請英語免考，所以自考英語的復(fù)習(xí)顯得尤為重要，下面小編就給同學(xué)們分享2023年4月湖北自考本科英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:第五章，僅供參考復(fù)習(xí)。
本課主要單詞

1.rare adj.稀有的，難得的

a rare word〔冷僻的詞〕rare metals〔稀有金屬〕

a rare disease(罕見的疾病)

2.substance n.物質(zhì);實質(zhì);大意;根據(jù)

Ice，snow and water are the same substance in different forms.〔冰、雪、水是同一物質(zhì)的三種不同形式?！?br />
What was the point of going to a lecture with little substance?

〔去聽一個沒有什么內(nèi)容的講座有什么意義呢?〕

What he is saying in substance is that we should take effective measures to prevent pollution.

〔他大體上說的是我們應(yīng)該采取有效措施防止污染?！?br />
There was no substance in his complaints.〔他的抱怨沒有道理?！?br />
3.slight adj.輕微的;纖細(xì)的

Mother said she had a slight headache.〔媽媽說她有點頭疼。〕

I didn't have the slightest idea about what had happened.〔我一點都不知道發(fā)生了什么事?！?br />
4.extreme adj.極端的，極度的;盡頭的n.極端

Extreme action will be taken if necessary.〔如有必要，我們將采取最嚴(yán)厲的行動?！?br />
His hospitality was carried to an extreme.〔他好客得過分了?！?br />
She found the book uninteresting to the extreme.〔她覺得那本書沒意思透了。〕

extreme joy/pain〔極度的歡樂/痛苦〕an extreme of sadness〔極度傷心〕

go from one extreme to the other〔從一個極端走到另一個極端〕

go to the other extreme〔走到另一個極端〕

in the extreme〔極度，非?！?br />
extremes of poverty and wealth〔貧富的兩極〕

5.pressure n.壓力，壓強

Heavy study load and great expectation from parents may give children too much pressure.

〔沉重的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)以及家長的過高期望可能會給孩子太大的壓力。〕

He was under constant pressure from his superiors.〔他的上司不斷地給他壓力?！?br />
6.liquid adj.液體的，液態(tài)的;清澈的，明亮的n.液體

7.crack n.裂縫v.破裂;打開

His face cracked with a broad smile.〔他咧開嘴笑了?！?br />
The phone cracked the room's quiet.〔電話鈴聲打破了房間的寂靜?！?br />
They were unable to crack a highly competitive sales market.〔他們無法打進(jìn)競爭激烈的銷售市場。〕

8.crust n.地殼;面包皮，外皮

It is very dangerous to walk on the thin crust of ice.〔在這樣一層薄冰上行走是很危險的?！?br />
9.crystal n.水晶;晶粒adj.清澈透明

I've made my point crystal clear that I would never agree to such a proposal.

〔我已經(jīng)表明了我的觀點，絕不同意這個提議?！?br />
10.popular adj.流行的，大眾的;普及的;受歡迎的

Popular music is well liked by young people.〔流行音樂深受年輕人的喜愛?！?br />
Swimming is a sport popular with people of all ages.〔游泳是老老少少都喜歡的體育運動。〕

He has always been popular with/among boys in his community.

〔他一直廣受他那個社區(qū)的男孩子們的喜歡。〕

This restaurant offers meals at popular prices.〔這家飯店供應(yīng)價格大眾化的飯菜。〕

11.handful n.一把，一小撮

He told the doctor that his hair fell out in handfuls.(他對醫(yī)生說他的頭發(fā)一把一把地脫落。)

He gave me nothing except for a handful of books.〔除了少量的幾本書他什么也沒給我。〕

注意：一般來說，-ful是一個形容詞后綴，加在名詞后面可以構(gòu)成形容詞，比如：careful，helpful，useful，hopeful等等。而在handful這個單詞中，-ful是一個名詞后綴，加在某些名詞的后面，表示“充滿…所需的量”，比如：roomful，basketful，mouthful，spoonful等等。

12.formation n.巖層;形成，構(gòu)成

Most diamonds are mined from rock formations inside the earth.

〔大多數(shù)鉆石都是從地下的巖層里開采出來的?！?br />
The formation of good habits is very important for a child.〔好習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成對孩子來說很重要?！?br />
13.pipe n.管子，導(dǎo)管;煙斗v.用管道輸送

14.somewhat adv.稍微，有點

It is somewhat difficult for him to answer the question.(要他回答這個問題有點難。)

15.blast n.疾風(fēng)，強風(fēng);爆炸v.炸，炸掉

A blast of cold air sent a shiver all over his body.〔一股冷氣使他渾身戰(zhàn)栗?！?br />
They decided to blast through the mountains.〔他們打算炸山開路。〕

16.crush v.壓碎;鎮(zhèn)壓，壓倒

The machine can crush rocks into powder.〔那臺機器能把石頭碾成粉末?！?br />
Can you imagine that debts are crushing them?〔你能想像到債務(wù)正壓得他們喘不過氣來嗎?〕

17.destroy v.破壞，毀滅;消滅

18.impressive adj.給人深刻印象的，感人的

impression n.印象

impress v.給…極深的印象

I had the impression that he was a teacher.〔我記得他好像是個老師?！?br />
What impressed me most were the great changes in this city.〔給我印象最深的是這座城市的巨大變化?！?br />
19.experience n經(jīng)驗;經(jīng)歷v.經(jīng)歷，遭受

experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗的

20.immediately adv.即刻地;緊密地

immediate adj.立刻的;最接近的

He said he had to go to the hospital immediately.〔他說他得立即去醫(yī)院?！?br />
The post office is immediately next to the bank.〔郵局緊挨著銀行?！?br />
You have to give them an immediate reply.〔你得立刻答復(fù)他們?！?br />
It is necessary that you get the support from your immediate superior.〔你必須得到頂頭上司的支持?！?br />
本課主要構(gòu)詞法

affixation(詞綴法)

1.形容詞后綴-ful beautiful，useful，

2.形容詞后綴-ive impressive

3.形容詞后綴-y greasy

4.名詞后綴-ation combination，formation

5.名詞后綴-ure pressure

6.名詞后綴-y discovery

7.名詞后綴-er traveler，miner

8.名詞后綴-ful handful

9.副詞后綴-ly finally，probably，immediately，carefully，

10.副詞后綴-ward upward

課文簡介

本課主要介紹了鉆石的特性、形成、分布以及開采方式。讀了本課，你會了解鉆石的形成與數(shù)百萬年前的地殼運動有關(guān);你也會了解深受上至達(dá)官貴人下至普通百姓喜愛的“恒久遠(yuǎn)”的鉆石在剛開采出來時并不光彩照人。

本課語言點

1.They are the hardest substance found in nature.

本句中found in nature是定語從句，修飾substance.定語從句中省略了that are.這種省略現(xiàn)象在定語從句中很常見，在前幾個單元中，我們遇到過多次。請看下面的句子：

1)There are many books(that)I'd like to read.(有很多書我想看。)

2)He is a man(that)we all like and trust.(他是一個我們大家喜歡和信賴的人。)

3)This is the most interesting film(that)I have ever seen.(這是我看過的最有意思的電影)

先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級時，定語從句必須用that引導(dǎo)，而不用which.

本句中的hardest意思為“堅硬的”“堅固的”，而不是“困難的”。

mean是一個很常見的詞，本句中的意思是“意味著”。mean還有“意欲，企圖，打算”的意思。請看下面的句子，注意mean在各句中的意思和用法：

1)What do you mean by saying this to me?(你對我說這個是什么意思?)

2)Friendship means everything to him.(友誼對他來說意味著一切。)

3)The teacher's praise meant so much to the children.(老師的表揚對孩子們來說很重要。)

4)I'm serious about this.I mean what I say.(我對此事是認(rèn)真的，我說話算數(shù)。)

5)I'm sorry，I didn't mean to hurt you.(對不起，我無意傷害你。)

6)They meant to finish the work ahead of time.(他們的打算是提前完成這項工作。)

7)I meant to call you but I forgot.(我原打算給你打電話的，但我忘記了。)

cut在