自考“英漢翻譯教程”復(fù)習(xí)筆記（3）

　　14. readability， 讀起來(lái)上口，順。所謂翻譯，是翻譯意思，而不是翻譯詞句。只要抓住了意思，譯文在詞句上可以有一定的靈活性。

　　15. Despite the great gains in industry， agriculture remained the nation‘s basic occupations. The revolution in agriculture——paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming， and from subsistence to commercial agriculture. Between 1686 and 1910， the number of farms in the United States trebled， increasing from 2 million to 6 million while the area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares.

　　盡管工業(yè)的收益很大，農(nóng)業(yè)仍是國(guó)民的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)革命——和戰(zhàn)后的制造業(yè)革命齊駕齊驅(qū)，使手工業(yè)勞作變?yōu)闄C(jī)械耕種，使維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)變?yōu)樯虡I(yè)化的農(nóng)業(yè)。從1860年至1910年間，美國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的數(shù)量翻了三番，從2000000個(gè)增至6000000個(gè)，耕種的面積也從1.6公頃增至3.52公頃，增長(zhǎng)了一倍多。

　　16. In 1840， Cyrus McCormick performed a miracle by cutting from two to two-and-a-half hectares a day with the curious machine he had been developing for nearly 10 years.

　　到了1840年，塞路斯，麥克米克創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)奇跡，用他歷經(jīng)近十年研制的神奇機(jī)器，一天可割麥2——2.5公頃。

　　17. In 1862， the Morrill Land-Grant College Act

　　1862年，政府頒布的有關(guān)贈(zèng)地建校的“莫里爾公地興學(xué)法案”

　　18. industrial colleges， appropriated fund， were at work.

　　農(nóng)業(yè)院校， 下?lián)芸铐?xiàng)，  展開(kāi)了科研活動(dòng)。

　　19. 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是反帝國(guó)主義的運(yùn)動(dòng)，又是反封建的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的杰出的歷史意思，在于它帶著為辛亥革命還不曾有的姿態(tài)， 這就是徹底地不妥協(xié)地反帝國(guó)主義和徹底地不妥協(xié)地反封建主義。

　　The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement. Its outstanding historical significance is to be seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911， namely， its thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism.

　　20. 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)所進(jìn)行的文化革命則是徹底地反對(duì)封建文化的運(yùn)動(dòng)，自有中國(guó)歷史以來(lái)，還沒(méi)有過(guò)這樣偉大而徹底的文化革命。

　　May 4th Movement was uncompromising in its opposition to feudal culture； there had never been such a great and thoroughgoing cultural revolution since the dawn of Chinese history.

　　21. 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是在思想上和干部上準(zhǔn)備了一九二一年中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的成立，又準(zhǔn)備了五？運(yùn)動(dòng)和北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

　　Both in ideology and in the matter of cadres， the May 4th Movement paved the way for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and for the May 30th Movement in 1925 and the Northern Expedition.

　　22. 上海，唐山，長(zhǎng)辛店等地工人紛紛罷工示威， 中國(guó)工人階級(jí)第一次作為覺(jué)悟了的獨(dú)立的政治力量登上政治舞臺(tái)，顯示了它的偉大力量。

　　Workers in Shanghai， Tanghsna， Changxindian and etc， went on strike to express their disapproval. As an awakened， independent， political strength， Chinese working class stepped on the political stage for the first time and illuminated its tremendous power.

　　23. 在全國(guó)人民反帝愛(ài)國(guó)斗爭(zhēng)的壓力下， 北洋軍閥政府被迫釋放被捕學(xué)生，撤銷(xiāo)三個(gè)賣(mài)國(guó)？的職務(wù)，拒絕在對(duì)德“和約”上簽字，反帝反封建斗爭(zhēng)取得了初步勝利。

　　Under the pressure of a nationwide patriotic struggle against imperialism， the Northern Warlord government had to release those arrested students， remove the 3 traitors from their posts and refuse to sign on the Peace Treaty with Germany. The struggle against imperialism and feudalism has achieved a foundemental victory.

　　24. 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是一次徹底的不妥協(xié)的反帝反封建的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)， 它促成了中國(guó)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)同馬克思主義的結(jié)合， 在思想上和干部上為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的成立作了準(zhǔn)備， 是中國(guó)新民主主義革命的開(kāi)端。

　　May 4th Movement is a revolutionary movement with a thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism and feudalism. It prompted the combination of Chinese workers‘ movement and Marxism and， both in ideology and in the matter cadres， paved the way for the founding of Chinese Communist Party. It was the beginning of the Chinese New Democratic Revolution.

　　25. Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science. In 1862， the Morrill Land-Grant College Act allotted public land to each state for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges.

　　在農(nóng)業(yè)革命中與機(jī)械幾乎同等重要的是科學(xué)。1862年，根據(jù)“莫里爾公地興法案”， 國(guó)會(huì)把公用地分配給各州，以便建立農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)學(xué)院。

　　26. the revolution in agriculture——paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming， and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.

　　農(nóng)業(yè)的革命——和戰(zhàn)后制造業(yè)的革命并駕齊驅(qū)——使手工業(yè)勞動(dòng)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械耕作，從維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)變成為商業(yè)化的農(nóng)業(yè)。

　　UNIT 3 GEOGRAPHY

　　1. All this suggested ancient harmonies.

　　這一切使人感到古代的和諧氣氛。

　　2. The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax of suffering on the fellahin no longer occur.

　　過(guò)去給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)災(zāi)難的水旱災(zāi)害，現(xiàn)在也不再發(fā)生了。

　　3. About six years ago it became an island. Day by day the sea is eating the land——the dam has stopped the sediment of the Nile from replenishing the shoreline.

　　大約六年前， 那地方變成了一個(gè)小島。海水一天天沖刷陸地——水壩已經(jīng)使得尼羅河的泥沙無(wú)法沉積下來(lái)加固海岸了。

　　4. 舊的教學(xué)法只管三件事，識(shí)漢字， 讀漢字讀物， 寫(xiě)漢字作文。 冰心在<北京晚報(bào)>發(fā)表過(guò)一篇文章：“漫談賞花和玩貓”。