自考“英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法”基礎(chǔ)材料（16）

　　第十六節(jié)   狀語(yǔ)從句

　　狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起狀語(yǔ)的作用，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞等。狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較（或方式）和條件等類。

　　1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有when，as，while，after，before，since等。

　　I'll give it to him as soon as he comes back.   他一回來(lái)我就把這個(gè)給他。

　　You must listen attentively and take notes while I explain the text.   當(dāng)我解釋課文時(shí)你必須注意聽(tīng)并記筆記。

　　Before a transaction can be entered properly， it must be analyzed in order to determine which accounts are affected by the transaction.   在完整地記錄一筆經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)之前，必須進(jìn)行分析，以確定哪些賬戶受經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)的影響。

　　2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

　　地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有where，wherever.

　　Make a mark where you find an error.   在你發(fā)現(xiàn)有錯(cuò)的地方做個(gè)記號(hào)。

　　Where a situation involves dealing with an immediate problem， a manager would investigate the incidents which led to the problem.  當(dāng)情況涉及一件需要立即處理的問(wèn)題時(shí)，經(jīng)理應(yīng)當(dāng)調(diào)查是什么導(dǎo)致這個(gè)問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)。

　　3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有because，since，as等。

　　The determination of nationality is a crucial matter， because it has the potential of affecting all business operations.   確定國(guó)籍是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)問(wèn)題會(huì)影響所有的商業(yè)行為。

　　Since an investment is not classified as income or expense to the business， it is not considered in the income statement.   由于一項(xiàng)投資不是作為企業(yè)的收入或費(fèi)用來(lái)分類的，因此在收益表里不考慮它。

　　4.目的狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有：that，so that，inorderthat等。

　　We must work harder so that we may fulfil our plan ahead of schedule.    我們必須努力工作，以便能提前完成計(jì)劃。

　　As she walked， she dropped the seeds along the road so that she would know the way back.

　　當(dāng)她走路的時(shí)候，她沿路撒上種子以便她能知道回來(lái)的路。

　　5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有so that，so…that等，如：

　　The coat was so expensive that I could not afford it.  這件外套非常貴，我買不起。

　　Work is of such a nature that details left to the control of the employee are limited.   工作的性質(zhì)是由職員負(fù)責(zé)的細(xì)節(jié)無(wú)幾。

　　6.比較狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)這類狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有：than，as，as if等。

　　He worked as fast as a qualified technician.   他干起活來(lái)和一個(gè)合格的技術(shù)員一樣快。

　　The project was completed earlier than they had expected.   項(xiàng)目比他們預(yù)期的提前完成了。

　　In 1994 the plant produced twice as much steel as it did in 1981.   1994年工廠的鋼產(chǎn)量比1981年翻了一番。

　　7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有：though， although， no matter， whatever， even if， however等。

　　Although a wide variety of journals are used in business， the simplest form of journal is a twocolumn journal.    盡管企業(yè)使用的日記帳種類繁多，最簡(jiǎn)單的還是兩欄式日記帳。

　　We'll start on our journey even if the weather is bad.     即使天氣不好，我們也要去旅行。

　　8.條件狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有if， unless， suppose， as long as等。

　　If you want to obtain data on employment opportunities， a good source is the Bulletin of the Department of Labour.   如果你想得到就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的材料，勞動(dòng)部公報(bào)是一極好的來(lái)源。

　　If he has no objection， we will carry out the plan.   如果他不反對(duì)，我們將執(zhí)行計(jì)劃。

　　If you have any complaint you should bring them to the authority concemed.    如果你要投訴，可提交給有關(guān)當(dāng)局。